Pengaruh Implementasi Design Patterns terhadap Kualitas Perangkat Lunak Berbasis Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek: Suatu Kajian Sistematis Literatur
Keywords:
Design Patterns, Kajian Sistematis, Kualitas Perangkat Lunak, Maintainability, Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek.Abstract
Kualitas perangkat lunak merupakan aspek krusial dalam pengembangan sistem modern, khususnya dalam konteks pemrograman berorientasi objek (PBO) yang sering menghadapi tantangan seperti kompleksitas struktur kode, duplikasi logika, dan rendahnya keterbacaan. Salah satu pendekatan yang banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah penerapan design patterns—solusi desain yang telah terbukti dan terdokumentasi untuk menyelesaikan masalah rekayasa perangkat lunak berulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian sistematis literatur (Systematic Literature Review/SLR) guna mengevaluasi dampak implementasi design patterns terhadap dimensi kualitas perangkat lunak, seperti maintainability, readability, dan reusability. Metode penelitian mengikuti protokol PRISMA, dengan pencarian literatur pada database IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar dalam rentang tahun 2010–2025. Dari 48 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, ditemukan bahwa design patterns secara konsisten memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap strukturisasi kode, pengurangan bug, serta kemudahan pemeliharaan dan pengujian perangkat lunak. Pola yang paling sering digunakan meliputi Singleton, Factory, Observer, MVC, dan Strategy, yang terbukti mendukung modularitas dan fleksibilitas arsitektur sistem. Namun, masih terdapat kesenjangan dalam bentuk kurangnya studi kuantitatif yang mengukur dampak secara langsung terhadap metrik kualitas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan eksplorasi lanjutan terhadap integrasi design patterns dalam konteks arsitektur mikroservis, pengembangan perangkat lunak berbasis Agile/DevOps, serta pembangunan tool evaluasi kualitas otomatis berbasis pattern. Hasil studi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi teoretis dan praktis bagi akademisi serta pengembang perangkat lunak dalam merancang sistem yang lebih berkualitas dan berkelanjutan.
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